An array of federally-funded nutrition and income assistance programs provide food and cash assistance to low-income families and their children. These programs relieve hunger, avert malnutrition, and improve dietary quality. They can also alleviate some of the psychological and emotional stress associated with uncertainty about whether there will be enough food at home.
This bibliography references selected articles on the impact of federal nutrition and public assistance programs. Resources are grouped into seven broad areas:
Foodl Assistance Programs (General)
Elderly Nutrition Program
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)
Food Stamp Program
School Meal Programs
WIC
Public Assistance Programs (General)
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Food Assistance Programs (general)
Connell, C.L., Yadrick, K., Hinton, A.W., Su, L.J. (2000). Nutrient Intakes of Food Insufficient and Food Sufficient Adults in the Southern Region of the United States and the Impact of Federal Food Assistance Programs. Mississippi State, MS: Southern Rural Development Center. |
Children's Sentinel Nutrition Assessment Program (C-SNAP). (2003). What Programs Keep Vulnerable Children Healthy? Boston, MA: Boston University Medical Center. |
Children's Sentinel Nutrition Assessment Program (C-SNAP). (2004). The Safety Net In Action: Protecting the Health and Nutrition of Young American Children. Boston, MA: Boston University Medical Center. |
Daponte, B.O., Haviland, A., Kadane, J.B. (2001). To what degree does food assistance help poor households acquire enough food? JCPR Working Paper 136. Chicago, IL: Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University/University of Chicago. |
Jones, S.J., Jahns, L., Laraia, B.A., Haughton, B. (August 2003). Lower Risk of Overweight in School-aged Food Insecure Girls Who Participate in Food Assistance. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 157, 780-784. |
Kabbani, N.S., Kmeid, M.Y. The Role of Food Assistance in Helping Food Insecure Households Escape Hunger. (September 2005). Review of Agricultural Economics. 27(3): 439-445. |
Martin, K.S., Cook, J.T., Rogers, B.L., Joseph, H.M. (October-November 2003). Public versus Private Food Assistance: Barriers to Participation Differ by Age and Ethnicity. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 35(3), 249-254. |
Winicki, J., Jolliffe, D., Gundersen, C. (2002). How Do Food Assistance Programs Improve the Well-Being of Low-Income Families? Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 26-9. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. |
Elderly Nutrition Program
Millen, B.E., Ohls, J.C., Ponza, M., McCool, A.C. (February 2002). The Elderly Nutrition Program: An effective national framework for preventive nutrition interventions. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 102(2), 234-240. |
Ponza, M., Ohls, J.C., Millen, B.E., McCoolb, A.M., Needels, K.E., Rosenberg, L., et al. (1996). Serving Elders at Risk The Older Americans Act Nutrition Programs: National Evaluation Of The Elderly Nutrition Program 1993-1995. Volume I: Title III Evaluation Findings. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. |
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP)
Food Stamp Program
Cason, K.L., Burney, J., Moore, W., Poling, R., Shivers, S., Cox, R., et al. (2000). A Comparison of Demographic Variables, Food/Nutrient Intakes, Level of Food Security, and Food/Nutrient Changes with Intervention Among Food Stamp and Non-Food Stamp Recipients in South Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia. Mississippi State, MS: Southern Rural Development Center. |
Cason, K.L., Cox, R., Burney, J.L. (2002). Do Food Stamps Without Education Improve the Nutrient Intake and Food-Related Behaviors of Recipients? Mississippi State, MS: Southern Rural Development Center. |
Children's Sentinel Nutrition Assessment Program (C-SNAP). Food Stamps are Good Medicine for Children, Pediatricians Report. (August 2005). Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA. |
Cohen, B., Ohls, J., Andres, M., Ponza, M., Moreno, L., Zambrowski, A., et al. (1999). Food Stamp Participants Food Security and Nutrient Availability. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis and Evaluation. |
Cook, J.T., Sherman, L.P., Brown, J.L. (1995). Impact of Food Stamps on the Dietary Adequacy of Poor Children. Waltham, MA: Center on Hunger and Poverty. |
Devaney, B. Moffitt, R. (1991). Dietary effects of the Food Stamp Program. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 73, 202-211. |
Farrell, M., Fishman, M., Langley, M. (2003). The Relationship of Earnings and Income to Food Stamp Participation: A Longitudinal Analysis. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program, 3-11. |
Fraker, T.M. (1990). The Effects of Food Stamps on Food Consumption: A Review of the Literature. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. |
Gibson, D. (2001). Food Stamp Program Participation and Health: Estimates from the NLSY97. In R.T. Michael (Ed.), Social Awakening Adolescent Behavior as Adulthood Approaches (pp. 258-295). New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation. |
Gibson, D. (2002). Food Stamp Program Participation and Obesity: Estimates from the NLSY97. JCPR Working Paper 279. Chicago, IL: Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University/University of Chicago. |
Gibson, D. (February 2004). Long-term Food Stamp Program participation is differentially related to overweight in young girls and boys. Journal of Nutrition. 134(2), 372-379. |
Gundersen, C., Gruber, J. (2001). The dynamic determinants of food insufficiency. In M. Andrews, M. Prell (Eds.), Second Food Security Measurement and Research Conference, Volume II: Papers (pp. 92-109). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food and Nutrition Research Report, 11-2. |
Gundersen, C., Oliveira, V. (November 2001). The Food Stamp Program and food insufficiency. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 83(4), 875-887. |
Johnson, C.F., Hotchkiss, D.R., Mock, N.B., McCandless, P., Karolak, M. (1999). The impact of the AFDC and Food Stamp Programs on child nutrition: Empirical evidence from New Orleans. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved. 10(3), 298-312. |
Korenman, S., Miller, J.E. (1992). Food Stamp Program Participation and Maternal and Child Health. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. |
Mackey-Bilaver, L., Goerge, R.M., Lee, B.J. (2000). The Patterns of Food Stamp and WIC Participation and Their Effects on Health of Low-Income Children. JCPR Working Paper 129. Chicago, IL: Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University/University of Chicago. |
McKernan, S-M., Ratcliffe, C. (2003). Employment Factors Influencing Food Stamp Program Participation. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program, 3-12. |
Oberholser, C.A., Tuttle, C.R. (May 2004). Assessment of Household Food Security Among Food Stamp Recipient Families in Maryland. American Journal of Public Health. 94(5): 790-795. |
Perez-Escamilla, R., Ferris, A.M., Drake, L., Haldeman L, Peranick, J., Campbell, M., et al. (November 2000). Food stamps are associated with food security and dietary intake of inner-city preschoolers from Hartford, Connecticut. Journal of Nutrition. 130(11): 2711-2717. |
Rose, D., Habicht, J.P., Devaney, B. (March 1998). Household participation in the Food Stamp and WIC programs increases the nutrient intakes of preschool children. Journal of Nutrition. 128(3): 548-555. |
Wilde, P.E., McNamara, P.E., Ranney, C.K. (2000). The Effect on Dietary Quality of Participation in the Food Stamp and WIC Programs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 9. |
Wilde, P.E., Ranney, C.K. (February 2000). The monthly food stamp cycle: Shopping frequency and food intake decisions in an endogenous switching regression framework. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 82(1): 200-213. |
Wilde, P.E., Nord, M. (September 2005). The Effect of Food Stamps on Food Security: A Panel Data Approach. Review of Agricultural Economics. 27(3): 425-432. |
School Meal Programs
Basiotis, P.P., Lino, M., Anand, R.S. (1999). Eating Breakfast Greatly Improves Schoolchildrens Diet Quality. Nutrition Insights. 15. |
Dunifon, R., Kowaleski-Jones, L. (March 2003). The Influences of Participation in the National School Lunch Program and Food Insecurity on Child Well-Being. Social Service Review. 77(1), 72-92 |
Gleason, P., Suitor, C. (2001). Childrens Diets in the Mid-1990s: Dietary Intake and its Relationship with School Meal Participation. Report No. CN-01-CD1. Alexandria, VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service, Office of Analysis, Nutrition, and Evaluation. |
Gleason, P.M., Suitor C.W. (November 2003). Eating at School: How the National School Lunch Program Affects Children Diets. American Journal of Agricultural Economics. 85(4), 1047-1061. |
Meyers, A.F., Sampson, A.E., Weitzman, M., Rogers, M.L., Kayne, H. (1989). School Breakfast Program and school performance. American Journal of Diseases and Children. 143(10), 1234-1239. |
Murphy, J.M., Pagano, M.E., Nachmani, J., Sperling, P., Kane, S., Kleinman, R.E. (September 1998). The relationship of school breakfast to psychosocial and academic functioning. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. 152(9), 899-907. |
Murphy, J.M., Kleinman, R.E., in collaboration with Project Bread and Boston Public Schools. (2000). " Study Shows Link Between School Breakfast and Academic Achievement." |
Ponza, M., Briefel, R., Corson, R., Devaney, B., et al. (1999). Universal-Free School Breakfast Program Evaluation Design Project . Alexandria, VA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food and Nutrition Service. |
WIC
Bitler, M., Gundersen, C., Marquis, G.S. (September 2005). Are WIC Recipients at Less Nutritional Risk Than Recipients? An Application of the Food Security Measure. Review of Agricultural Economics. 27(3), 433-438. |
Black, M.M., Cutts, D.B., Frank, D.A., Geppert, J., Skalicky, A., Levenson, S., Casey, P.H., Berkowitz, C., Zaldivar, N., Cook, J.T., Meyers, A.F., Herren, T., and the Children's Sentinel Nutritional Assessment Program Study Group. (July 2004). Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children Participation and Infants' Growth and Health: A Multisite Surveillance Study. Pediatrics. 114(1), 169-176. |
Herman, D.R., Harrison, G.G., Afifi, A.A., Jenks, E. (2004). The Effect of the WIC Program on Food Security Status of Pregnant, First-Time Participants. Family Economics and Nutrition Review. 16(1), 21-29. |
Kowaleski-Jones, L., Duncan, G.J. (2000). Effects of Participation in the WIC Food Assistance Program on Childrens Health and Development: Evidence from NLSY Children. Discussion Paper No. 1207-00. Madison, WI: Institute for Research on Poverty. |
Kramer-LeBlanc, C., Mardis, A., Gerrior, S., Gaston, N. (1999). Review of the nutritional status of WIC participants. Report CNPP-8A. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion. |
Mackey-Bilaver, L., Goerge, R.M., Lee, B.J. (2000). The Patterns of Food Stamp and WIC Participation and Their Effects on Health of Low-Income Children. JCPR Working Paper 129. Chicago, IL: Joint Center for Poverty Research, Northwestern University/University of Chicago. |
Moss, N., Carver, K. (September 1998). The effect of WIC and Medicaid on infant mortality in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 88(9), 1354-1361. |
Oliveira, V., Gundersen, C. (2000). WIC and the Nutrient Intake of Children. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 5. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. |
Oliveira, V., Racine, E., Omsted, J., Ghelfi, L.M. (2002). The WIC Program - Background Trends and Issues. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report No. 27. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. |
Owen, A.L., Owen, G.M. (July 1997). Twenty years of WIC: A review of some effects of the program. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 97(7), 777-782. |
Rose, D., Habicht, J.P., Devaney, B. (March 1998). Household participation in the Food Stamp and WIC programs increases the nutrient intakes of preschool children. Journal of Nutrition. 128(3), 548-555. |
Rush, D., Leighton, J., Sloan, N.L., Alvir, J.M., Horvitz, D.G., Seaver, W.B., et al. (1988). The National WIC Evaluation: evaluation of the Special Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants, and Children. VI. Study of infants and children. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 48(2 Suppl), 484-511. |
U. S. General Accounting Office. (2001). Research Provides Limited Information on the Effectiveness of Specific WIC Nutrition Services. GAO-01-442. Washington, D.C.: U.S. General Accounting Office. |
Wilde, P.E., McNamara, P.E., Ranney, C.K. (2000). The Effect on Dietary Quality of Participation in the Food Stamp and WIC Programs. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Assistance and Nutrition Research. |
Public Assistance Programs (General)
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